Below are some of the deck safety checks that I would recommend undertaking, these I have learned from experience off yachts I've worked on and from courses I have completed such as OOW Advanced Sea Survival. Note that no GMDSS checks are included, see "GMDSS Checks" post for these checks.
Bi-annually:
Fire extinguishers serviced
Hydrostatic Release Units replaced (check date of expiry)
Inflatable lifejackets to be serviced.
Steam-clean galley extraction vents (depending on amount of fried foods cooked).
Liferafts serviced.
Monthly:
Lifebuoy lights should be checked monthly
Lifebuoy smoke signal expiry date noted.
Line throwing apparatus checked monthly (note expiry date of device)
Liferaft securings inspected (HRU's, painters)
Each crewmember must participate in at least one abandon ship and one fire drill every month.
Emergency (hydraulic) watertight doors opened/closed automatically and manually
Emergency cranes tested under load, inspect condition of bridle and lifting line, ensure no fraying.
Check condition of flares (dry secure place), expiry dates noted. Rescue tender flares, main tender, and main ships flares all checked.
Flashlights working in crew/guest cabins.
Defibrillator battery checked.
Oxygen bottle level checked.
Smoke alarms tested.
All fire hydrants inspected.
Fire hose (rotate between stations each month) run both on main and emergency pump.
Fire-fighting equipment inventoried/inspected (note level of tanks).
Fire extinguishers inspected (note dates and correctly stowed, not obstructed)
All lifejackets inspected (note light replacement dates)
Check all bilge pumps, activate and ensure correct alarm location sounds.
Check navigation lights.
Check 24v lighting.
Day-shapes (NUC, RAM etc. strung up for crew training)
Weekly:
Emergency tender
Regularly:
TPA's and Immerion Suits should be inspected on a regular basis, if necessary oil/lubricate the zippers.
Laundry extraction vents cleaned
All watertight doors checked with a hose
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